1
00:00:05,230 --> 00:00:06,460
(Pagbusina sa barko)

2
00:00:06,460 --> 00:00:09,290
Pebrero 1919, sa New York,

3
00:00:09,290 --> 00:00:11,943
ang pagbalik sa African-American nga mga sundalo usa ka selebrasyon.

4
00:00:11,943 --> 00:00:12,972
(nagtukar sa trompeta)

5
00:00:12,972 --> 00:00:15,305
(naghilak)

6
00:00:16,770 --> 00:00:19,310
Ang ilang bandleader nga si James Reese nahinumdom.

7
00:00:20,970 --> 00:00:23,240
Ang mga bayani gisinggitan gikan sa mga bintana, gikan sa mga atop,

8
00:00:23,240 --> 00:00:24,265
gikan sa dalan.

9
00:00:24,265 --> 00:00:25,098
(mga panon sa katawhan)

10
00:00:25,098 --> 00:00:26,760
Samtang nagpadayon ang rehimen,

11
00:00:26,760 --> 00:00:29,763
giubanan sila sa mga inahan, mga managsoon ug mga igsoon.

12
00:00:31,100 --> 00:00:34,893
Ang 369th regiment gianggaan, ang Harlem Hellfighters.

13
00:00:36,120 --> 00:00:37,860
Gibira sila sa mga Pranses gikan sa ilang deployment

14
00:00:37,860 --> 00:00:41,067
sa loading docks ug mga linya sa riles aron makig-away tupad kanila

15
00:00:42,460 --> 00:00:44,726
ug sila nakig-away nga bayanihon.

16
00:00:44,726 --> 00:00:46,240
(nagtukar sa trompeta)

17
00:00:46,240 --> 00:00:48,570
Usa sa mga bantugang aktibista sa ilang (mumbles),

18
00:00:48,570 --> 00:00:51,147
{\an8}Mipahayag si Marcus Garvey,

19
00:00:51,147 --> 00:00:54,367
"Kami nagtuo nga ang Negro dili kinahanglan nga hikawan sa bisan unsa

20
00:00:54,367 --> 00:00:56,297
"Niadtong mga katungod o mga pribilehiyo nga komon

21
00:00:56,297 --> 00:00:57,827
"sa ubang mga tawo."

22
00:01:01,664 --> 00:01:02,650
(crowding cheer)

23
00:01:02,650 --> 00:01:04,300
Si Presidente Wilson, bisan pa,

24
00:01:04,300 --> 00:01:07,710
nagtuo sa paglainlain sa mga Itom gikan sa mga Puti.

25
00:01:07,710 --> 00:01:10,900
Sa samang higayon gawas sa US, iyang gidepensahan ang katungod

26
00:01:10,900 --> 00:01:12,563
sa katawhan ngadto sa kaugalingong determinasyon.

27
00:01:13,700 --> 00:01:16,410
Balik sa US, nagsugod siya sa usa ka taas nga tour

28
00:01:16,410 --> 00:01:18,500
aron mapalihok ang opinyon sa publiko pabor

29
00:01:18,500 --> 00:01:19,900
sa Tratado sa Versailles.

30
00:01:21,610 --> 00:01:23,660
Nahibal-an ni Wilson nga sa Washington,

31
00:01:23,660 --> 00:01:25,663
ang Senado nagpabiling lawom nga nagpanuko.

32
00:01:27,140 --> 00:01:29,750
Nahibal-an niya nga ang mga botante nga gigikanan sa Aleman nasuko

33
00:01:29,750 --> 00:01:32,840
mahitungod sa mga clause sa kasabutan, nga ilang nakita nga insulto,

34
00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:34,756
dili patas sa ilang kanhing yutang natawhan.

35
00:01:34,756 --> 00:01:36,960
(crowding cheer)

36
00:01:36,960 --> 00:01:39,230
Nasayod sab si Wilson nga kontra ang Senado

37
00:01:39,230 --> 00:01:41,730
ngadto sa pagtukod nga pakigsaad sa Liga sa Kanasoran.

38
00:01:45,090 --> 00:01:48,273
Nagpahamtang kini og usa ka kasabutan sa pagdepensa sa usag usa sa mga estado nga miyembro.

39
00:01:49,400 --> 00:01:50,570
Kini posibleng mosangpot

40
00:01:50,570 --> 00:01:54,343
sa usa ka bag-ong interbensyong militar sa Amerika, nga walay gusto.

41
00:01:56,640 --> 00:01:58,740
Si Wilson naningkamot sa pagpugong sa sulog.

42
00:01:58,740 --> 00:02:02,187
Siya miingon, "Ang pagkapakyas sa pagsuporta sa Liga sa mga Nasud,

43
00:02:02,187 --> 00:02:04,107
"makaguba sa kasingkasing sa kalibutan."

44
00:02:06,050 --> 00:02:08,600
Si Wilson nagtrabaho hangtod sa punto sa kakapoy

45
00:02:08,600 --> 00:02:12,537
ug nag-antos sa usa ka stroke nga nakapahimo kaniya nga paralitiko ug amang.

46
00:02:12,537 --> 00:02:15,287
(dramatikong musika)

47
00:02:16,320 --> 00:02:18,093
Unsa ang buhaton sa Senado sa US?

48
00:02:19,410 --> 00:02:21,630
Kung gisalikway niini ang Tratado sa Versailles

49
00:02:21,630 --> 00:02:24,933
ug ang Liga sa Kanasoran, posible ba ang Pakigdait?

50
00:02:30,980 --> 00:02:33,930
{\an8}Samtang nagpaabot sa ratipikasyon sa mga Amerikano,

51
00:02:33,930 --> 00:02:36,863
Ang labing dinalian nga prayoridad sa Europe mao ang pagtukod pag-usab.

52
00:02:37,780 --> 00:02:40,730
Ang Belgium ug Serbia grabeng nadaot.

53
00:02:40,730 --> 00:02:43,650
Apan sa France, mas grabe ang pagkaguba.

54
00:02:43,650 --> 00:02:46,383
Ang Amihanan ug Sidlakan sa Pransiya nagun-ob.

55
00:02:47,546 --> 00:02:50,560
(hinay nga musika)

56
00:02:50,560 --> 00:02:54,507
Si Stefan Zweig nagsulat, "Ang tanan nga mga livid nga kabayo

57
00:02:54,507 --> 00:02:57,440
"sa apocalypse nabanhaw."

58
00:02:57,440 --> 00:03:00,820
Rebolusyon ug kagutom, kalisang, epidemya

59
00:03:00,820 --> 00:03:04,220
ug labaw sa tanan, kanang arko naghampak sa nasyonalismo,

60
00:03:04,220 --> 00:03:07,092
que ha enverinat la nostra cultura europea.

61
00:03:07,092 --> 00:03:09,675
(música suau)

62
00:03:12,130 --> 00:03:15,263
La guerra va destruir 1/3 de la riquesa de França.

63
00:03:16,210 --> 00:03:18,760
Les xifres són sorprenents.

64
00:03:18,760 --> 00:03:22,520
De pobles esborrats del mapa, de petxines sense explotar

65
00:03:22,520 --> 00:03:26,683
i mines terrestres de camps contaminats amb gas tòxic.

66
00:03:30,590 --> 00:03:33,943
La terra s'ha de netejar d'aquest oceà de verins.

67
00:03:36,220 --> 00:03:39,220
Unes tasques llargues i perilloses com aquests pagesos

68
00:03:39,220 --> 00:03:42,350
i petxines pickerdy, els camps de la qual estan plens de petxines,

69
00:03:42,350 --> 00:03:44,214
han de disposar.

70
00:03:44,214 --> 00:03:46,797
(música suau)

71
00:03:52,556 --> 00:03:55,223
(detonació forta)

72
00:04:00,720 --> 00:04:04,000
Malgrat tot, reprenen les seves vides

73
00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:06,757
com sempre ho han fet en segles passats.

74
00:04:06,757 --> 00:04:09,340
(música suau)

75
00:04:20,750 --> 00:04:23,070
Els francesos ordenen presoners de guerra alemanys

76
00:04:23,070 --> 00:04:25,670
desminar el país, en violació

77
00:04:25,670 --> 00:04:27,100
de la Convenció de Ginebra,

78
00:04:27,100 --> 00:04:30,133
l'acord internacional que protegeix les forces capturades.

79
00:04:33,875 --> 00:04:38,027
Encara hi ha 300.000 d'aquests desafortunats homes a França,

80
00:04:39,220 --> 00:04:42,920
internat a l'horrible campament de Somme prop de Verdun.

81
00:04:42,920 --> 00:04:45,333
La cort del casc dels soldats alemanys escriu:

82
00:04:47,037 --> 00:04:50,167
"Tinc la impressió que em consideren un criminal.

83
00:04:50,167 --> 00:04:52,807
"Cada hora es fa evident.

84
00:04:52,807 --> 00:04:55,963
"El cinisme dels francesos i el seu odi cap a nosaltres,

85
00:04:57,007 --> 00:04:58,607
"ara volen que paguem".

86
00:05:08,105 --> 00:05:08,938
(un lleuger soroll)

87
00:05:08,938 --> 00:05:13,650
22.105 presoners moren a les ruïnes o simplement de fam.

88
00:05:15,483 --> 00:05:18,233
(homes xerrant)

89
00:05:19,990 --> 00:05:21,493
Però els francesos també pateixen.

90
00:05:23,250 --> 00:05:25,970
Als mercats, el preu de les mongetes i les patates

91
00:05:25,970 --> 00:05:28,532
és quatre vegades més gran que abans de la guerra.

92
00:05:28,532 --> 00:05:31,200
(xerrant)

93
00:05:31,200 --> 00:05:34,280
Els americans rics acudeixen a ajudar els francesos,

94
00:05:34,280 --> 00:05:36,640
{\an8}com l'hereva d'un gran banc.

95
00:05:36,640 --> 00:05:40,980
{\an8}Anne Morgan, que juntament amb la doctora Anne Murray Dike,

96
00:05:40,980 --> 00:05:42,573
{\an8}va fundar aquesta primera ONG,

97
00:05:43,430 --> 00:05:46,181
el Comitè Americà per a la França Devastada.

98
00:05:46,181 --> 00:05:48,560
(tocant les trompetes)

99
00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:51,403
Replanten boscos destruïts per petxines.

100
00:05:52,480 --> 00:05:55,193
Transformen un castell en un dispensari.

101
00:05:56,350 --> 00:05:58,063
Anne Morgan escriu a la seva mare:

102
00:05:58,947 --> 00:06:02,750
"La nostra feina és una alegria, aquí som útils".

103
00:06:02,750 --> 00:06:05,770
Aquestes persones vivien sota l'ocupació alemanya.

104
00:06:05,770 --> 00:06:09,150
El seu únic aliment era la remolatxa que s'alimenta a les vaques.

105
00:06:09,150 --> 00:06:12,780
Dormien a la nit a terra nua amb el fred.

106
00:06:12,780 --> 00:06:15,053
Ara tornen a la vida.

107
00:06:15,053 --> 00:06:18,470
(música clàssica brillant)

108
00:06:19,557 --> 00:06:21,007
(vaca mugint)

109
00:06:21,007 --> 00:06:22,723
(nens plorant)

110
00:06:22,723 --> 00:06:25,193
6 milions d'orfes es troben a la deriva a Europa.

111
00:06:28,642 --> 00:06:31,392
(tocant el violí)

112
00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:37,230
Aquests nens polonesos que van sobreviure miraculosament

113
00:06:37,230 --> 00:06:38,920
les moltes batalles a la seva terra natal,

114
00:06:38,920 --> 00:06:40,823
són benvinguts als Estats Units.

115
00:06:43,546 --> 00:06:46,296
(multitud animant)

116
00:06:49,980 --> 00:06:54,250
A París, els orfes del MoMA es salven

117
00:06:54,250 --> 00:06:56,370
de la misèria com els fa el govern francès

118
00:06:56,370 --> 00:06:59,253
Barris de l'Estat, fins a l'edat adulta.

119
00:07:06,490 --> 00:07:08,963
{\an8}Rússia té un nombre incalculable d'orfes,

120
00:07:10,350 --> 00:07:12,127
sobretot després de la Guerra Civil.

121
00:07:13,800 --> 00:07:17,930
La victòria dels comunistes el 1922 porta els GULAG,

122
00:07:17,930 --> 00:07:20,603
els camps de concentració de Lenin i després Stalin.

123
00:07:21,750 --> 00:07:23,470
I així es llencen més orfes

124
00:07:23,470 --> 00:07:28,263
al carrer, convertint-se en soroll de blocs, petits delinqüents.

125
00:07:32,413 --> 00:07:34,700
{\an8}(música popular brillant)

126
00:07:34,700 --> 00:07:38,123
Gran Bretanya té el seu propi problema urgent de delinqüents orfes.

127
00:07:40,500 --> 00:07:42,540
La solució és radical.

128
00:07:42,540 --> 00:07:44,570
Un bitllet d'anada al primer vaixell

129
00:07:44,570 --> 00:07:47,533
a les granges dels amplis espais oberts de l'oest del Canadà.

130
00:07:49,290 --> 00:07:53,113
A Ottawa, el membre del Parlament J.S Woodsworth assenyala,

131
00:07:54,377 --> 00:07:57,137
"Estem convertint els nens en treballadors barats".

132
00:07:59,190 --> 00:08:02,210
Avui, un de cada 10 canadencs és descendent

133
00:08:02,210 --> 00:08:03,610
d'aquests nens desplaçats.

134
00:08:07,630 --> 00:08:11,890
En una línia similar, el Regne Unit comença a exportar dones joves

135
00:08:11,890 --> 00:08:13,703
que ara no poden trobar marits.

136
00:08:16,800 --> 00:08:18,870
Aquestes anomenades dones excedents

137
00:08:18,870 --> 00:08:21,090
del Cos Auxiliar de Dones de l'Exèrcit

138
00:08:21,090 --> 00:08:22,305
es dirigeixen a Austràlia.

139
00:08:22,305 --> 00:08:24,555
(animant)

140
00:08:26,145 --> 00:08:28,925
(música suau)

141
00:08:28,925 --> 00:08:32,030
Com ploraran els supervivents?

142
00:08:32,030 --> 00:08:35,420
Un dels poetes més grans de Lituània, Oscar Milosz

143
00:08:35,420 --> 00:08:37,370
expressa el que els pares, les vídues

144
00:08:37,370 --> 00:08:39,960
i els nens se senten caminant per les fileres interminables

145
00:08:39,960 --> 00:08:43,150
de sepultures marcades per la creu Estrella de David

146
00:08:43,150 --> 00:08:44,790
o lluna creixent.

147
00:08:44,790 --> 00:08:48,567
Ell diu: "Oh, els morts, els morts,

148
00:08:48,567 --> 00:08:50,977
"els morts són almenys menys morts que jo".

149
00:08:56,530 --> 00:08:59,820
Moltes famílies busquen repatriar els seus morts,

150
00:08:59,820 --> 00:09:01,840
per poder visitar la tomba dels seus éssers estimats

151
00:09:01,840 --> 00:09:03,103
al cementiri local.

152
00:09:05,830 --> 00:09:08,313
Però primer, s'han d'exhumar les restes.

153
00:09:10,200 --> 00:09:13,780
Les unitats especials de l'exèrcit nord-americà es filmen realitzant

154
00:09:13,780 --> 00:09:14,863
aquesta trista tasca.

155
00:09:17,370 --> 00:09:20,920
230.000 cossos són retornats a les seves famílies

156
00:09:22,340 --> 00:09:23,480
i França on més

157
00:09:23,480 --> 00:09:25,660
del cementiri militar es troben.

158
00:09:25,660 --> 00:09:28,880
Queden fins avui les tombes de 700.000 francesos

159
00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:33,113
i soldats colonials, 750.000 soldats alemanys,

160
00:09:33,960 --> 00:09:37,930
300.000 soldats britànics, inclosos 60.000 canadencs,

161
00:09:37,930 --> 00:09:39,683
i 34.000 nord-americans.

162
00:09:41,074 --> 00:09:43,090
(cant dels ocells)

163
00:09:43,090 --> 00:09:45,790
A tot arreu la gent intenta desesperadament posar-se en contacte

164
00:09:45,790 --> 00:09:47,635
amb els esperits dels morts.

165
00:09:47,635 --> 00:09:50,802
(música alegre)

166
00:09:51,680 --> 00:09:55,563
L'espiritualisme ha estat molt popular des del segle XIX.

167
00:09:57,120 --> 00:09:59,580
El gran sacerdot de l'espiritisme de l'època

168
00:09:59,580 --> 00:10:03,157
és un tal León Vini, escriu,

169
00:10:03,157 --> 00:10:07,047
"Innombrables legions d'ànimes planen sobre nosaltres amb ganes

170
00:10:07,047 --> 00:10:08,137
"comunicar-se".

171
00:10:10,760 --> 00:10:14,460
Els que van morir a la batalla només busquen manifestar-se

172
00:10:14,460 --> 00:10:15,913
als seus éssers estimats a la terra.

173
00:10:17,077 --> 00:10:19,660
(música suau)

174
00:10:26,590 --> 00:10:29,913
Malauradament, aquestes sessions són només una estafa més.

175
00:10:33,490 --> 00:10:35,540
Per recordar els morts, honra'ls

176
00:10:35,540 --> 00:10:37,850
i uneix el poble en la seva memòria.

177
00:10:37,850 --> 00:10:39,410
Cada país, cada ciutat,

178
00:10:39,410 --> 00:10:41,563
cada poble ha de tenir un record.

179
00:10:43,160 --> 00:10:46,480
Poden celebrar l'heroisme i el combat, el pacifisme,

180
00:10:46,480 --> 00:10:48,390
o força digna.

181
00:10:48,390 --> 00:10:50,490
Com aquest caribú de bronze,

182
00:10:50,490 --> 00:10:54,350
un homenatge a 814 homes de Terranova,

183
00:10:54,350 --> 00:10:57,800
llavors part de l'Imperi Britànic que va morir servint a la guerra

184
00:10:57,800 --> 00:10:59,569
i que no tenia tomba coneguda.

185
00:10:59,569 --> 00:11:02,152
(música alegre)

186
00:11:05,621 --> 00:11:08,371
(un lleuger soroll)

187
00:11:09,592 --> 00:11:12,090
Arreu del món, els escultors treballen dia i nit

188
00:11:12,090 --> 00:11:15,193
per omplir els milers de comandes de monuments commemoratius de guerra.

189
00:11:18,075 --> 00:11:20,825
(multitud animant)

190
00:11:22,070 --> 00:11:25,053
{\an8}Londres, 11 de novembre de 1920.

191
00:11:26,900 --> 00:11:29,000
El rei Jordi V i els seus fills,

192
00:11:29,000 --> 00:11:32,790
els futurs sobirans comencen la primera cerimònia d'homenatge

193
00:11:32,790 --> 00:11:34,469
el Soldat Desconegut.

194
00:11:34,469 --> 00:11:37,052
(música suau)

195
00:11:39,620 --> 00:11:43,420
En aquest taüt es troben les restes d'un cos no identificat,

196
00:11:43,420 --> 00:11:46,940
escollit a l'atzar per commemorar els 500.000 desapareguts

197
00:11:46,940 --> 00:11:50,303
i sense enterrar i per tot l'Imperi Britànic que van morir.

198
00:11:53,250 --> 00:11:55,750
Els francesos havien sabut un mes abans que la cerimònia

199
00:11:55,750 --> 00:11:57,470
s'estava organitzant.

200
00:11:57,470 --> 00:12:00,540
El govern no havia previst una commemoració semblant

201
00:12:00,540 --> 00:12:02,890
i la premsa es va indignar.

202
00:12:02,890 --> 00:12:06,800
Un diputat d'esquerres va gravar un discurs venjatiu.

203
00:12:06,800 --> 00:12:09,174
Una de les primeres pel·lícules de so.

204
00:12:09,174 --> 00:12:12,091
{\an8}(llengua estrangera)

205
00:12:34,603 --> 00:12:36,210
{\an8}(multitud que anima)

206
00:12:36,210 --> 00:12:39,890
undefined

207
00:12:41,400 --> 00:12:43,373
undefined

208
00:12:47,980 --> 00:12:51,343
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214
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217
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218
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undefined

230
00:13:56,960 --> 00:14:00,980
នៅដាកូតាខាងជើង គាត់បានជួបសត្រូវដ៏សាហាវរបស់ Crow Nation ។

231
00:14:00,980 --> 00:14:03,620
ប្រធាន Sioux, Red Tomahawk ។

232
00:14:03,620 --> 00:14:06,340
គណៈកម្មាធិការទទួលស្វាគមន៍ផ្តល់ឱ្យគាត់នូវអាវរោមមួយ

233
00:14:06,340 --> 00:14:07,292
និងបំពង់សន្តិភាព។

234
00:14:07,292 --> 00:14:10,042
(បុរសបញ្ចេញសំឡេង)

235
00:14:12,980 --> 00:14:16,203
General Foce ត្រូវបានគេដាក់ឈ្មោះថា សាកថ្មផ្គរលាន់។

236
00:14:18,646 --> 00:14:19,760
(ហ្វូងមនុស្សអបអរសាទរ)

237
00:14:19,760 --> 00:14:23,300
នៅវ៉ាស៊ីនតោន លោកប្រធានាធិបតី Wilson បានចុះខ្សោយយ៉ាងខ្លាំង

238
00:14:23,300 --> 00:14:26,893
ដោយការដាច់សរសៃឈាមខួរក្បាលរបស់គាត់ត្រូវបានបំផ្លិចបំផ្លាញដោយការបរាជ័យនៅក្នុងសភា។

239
00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:32,220
សហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបដិសេធមិនផ្តល់សច្ចាប័ន

240
00:14:32,220 --> 00:14:33,470
សន្ធិសញ្ញា Versailles ។

241
00:14:34,940 --> 00:14:37,250
ការបោះឆ្នោតឆ្លុះបញ្ចាំងពីមតិសាធារណៈជនអាមេរិក

242
00:14:37,250 --> 00:14:39,610
ដែលជាអ្នកឯកោយ៉ាងជ្រាលជ្រៅ។

243
00:14:39,610 --> 00:14:41,950
ប្រជាជនអាមេរិកលែងចង់ចូលរួមទៀតហើយ

244
00:14:41,950 --> 00:14:45,633
ក្នុង​កិច្ចការ​របស់​អ្នក​ដទៃ ហើយ​ក៏​មិន​ទៅ​ធ្វើ​សង្គ្រាម​ទៀត​ដែរ។

245
00:14:45,633 --> 00:14:48,800
(តន្ត្រីភ្លឺស្វាង)

246
00:14:59,100 --> 00:15:01,630
ធម្មតានៃជំនាន់ឆ្នាំ 1920 នេះ,

247
00:15:01,630 --> 00:15:04,110
នេះជារបៀបដែល Zelda Fitzgerald ដែលជាភរិយាវ័យក្មេង

248
00:15:04,110 --> 00:15:07,323
អ្នកនិពន្ធប្រលោមលោក F. Scott Fitzgerald ពិពណ៌នាអំពីមិត្តភក្ដិរបស់នាង។

249
00:15:08,660 --> 00:15:12,640
The Flapper ភ្ញាក់ពីភាពងងុយគេងរបស់នាងនៃ sub-deb-ism,

250
00:15:12,640 --> 00:15:16,180
កាត់សក់របស់នាង ពាក់ក្រវិលមួយគូដែលជ្រើសរើសបំផុតរបស់នាង

251
00:15:16,180 --> 00:15:19,953
នៅក្នុងភាពក្លាហាន និងកំហឹងយ៉ាងខ្លាំង ហើយចូលទៅក្នុងសមរភូមិ។

252
00:15:20,850 --> 00:15:23,030
នាងចែចង់ព្រោះវាសប្បាយក្នុងការចែចង់

253
00:15:23,030 --> 00:15:24,690
ហើយស្លៀកឈុតងូតទឹកតែមួយ

254
00:15:24,690 --> 00:15:28,500
ព្រោះ​នាង​មាន​រាង​ស្អាត ហើយ​នាង​មិន​ព្រម​ធុញ

255
00:15:28,500 --> 00:15:30,830
សំខាន់ព្រោះនាងមិនធុញទ្រាន់។

256
00:15:30,830 --> 00:15:33,300
នាង​ដឹង​ថា​អ្វី​ដែល​នាង​ធ្វើ

257
00:15:33,300 --> 00:15:36,092
គឺជារឿងដែលនាងតែងតែចង់ធ្វើ។

258
00:15:36,092 --> 00:15:39,009
(ត្រែលេង)

259
00:15:45,473 --> 00:15:46,350
(សំឡេងរោទ៍ដែក)

260
00:15:46,350 --> 00:15:48,520
ប៉ុន្តែសុភមង្គលគឺមានភាពផុយស្រួយ។

261
00:15:48,520 --> 00:15:51,190
ដោយបដិសេធមិនចុះហត្ថលេខាលើសន្ធិសញ្ញា Versailles ។

262
00:15:51,190 --> 00:15:54,010
ព្រឹទ្ធសភាសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកបានបង្កគ្រោះថ្នាក់ដល់លោក Wilson

263
00:15:54,010 --> 00:15:56,193
សុបិន្តផ្សេងទៀតនៃសម្ព័ន្ធប្រជាជាតិ។

264
00:15:58,710 --> 00:16:01,260
ទោះយ៉ាងណាក៏ដោយ លីកត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងរួចហើយ

265
00:16:01,260 --> 00:16:03,530
នៅ​ក្នុង​ប្រទេស​អព្យាក្រឹតភាព ប្រទេស​ស្វីស

266
00:16:03,530 --> 00:16:04,980
{\an8}នៅលើច្រាំងនៃបឹងហ្សឺណែវ។

267
00:16:07,300 --> 00:16:09,610
ប៉ុន្តែ​បើ​គ្មាន​អាមេរិក​ទេ​នោះ​នឹង​មាន​មុន​គេ

268
00:16:09,610 --> 00:16:11,920
របស់អង្គការសហប្រជាជាតិ ដែលប្រមូលផ្តុំភាគច្រើន

269
00:16:11,920 --> 00:16:14,852
នៃប្រទេសនានាលើពិភពលោក អាចរក្សាសន្តិភាពបាន។

270
00:16:14,852 --> 00:16:17,602
(តន្ត្រី​ល្ខោន​)

271
00:16:21,380 --> 00:16:24,530
សន្ធិសញ្ញាផ្សេងៗដែលអនុវត្តតាមសន្ធិសញ្ញា Versailles

272
00:16:24,530 --> 00:16:26,563
នឹងដោះស្រាយជម្លោះមិនចេះចប់។

273
00:16:27,870 --> 00:16:30,190
សន្ធិសញ្ញា Saint-Germain-en-Laye ក្នុងឆ្នាំ 1919

274
00:16:30,190 --> 00:16:33,280
និង Trianon នៅឆ្នាំ 1920 នឹងបែកបាក់គ្នា។

275
00:16:33,280 --> 00:16:37,910
ចក្រភពអូទ្រីស-ហុងគ្រី ដោយបង្កើតរដ្ឋប្រជាជាតិថ្មី

276
00:16:37,910 --> 00:16:42,410
ដូចជាប្រទេសតូចជាងអូទ្រីស ឆេកូស្លូវ៉ាគី និងយូហ្គោស្លាវី។

277
00:16:42,410 --> 00:16:44,583
ហើយក៏កែទម្រង់ហុងគ្រី និងរូម៉ានីផងដែរ។

278
00:16:47,230 --> 00:16:48,810
សិទ្ធិដ៏ល្បីល្បាញរបស់ប្រជាជន

279
00:16:48,810 --> 00:16:51,823
ចំពោះ​ការ​សម្រេច​ចិត្ត​ដោយ​ខ្លួន​ឯង​ពិត​ជា​មិន​ត្រូវ​បាន​គេ​គោរព។

280
00:16:52,770 --> 00:16:55,600
អាល្លឺម៉ង់​ឥឡូវ​នៅ​ប៉ូឡូញ និង​ឆេកូស្លូវ៉ាគី។

281
00:16:55,600 --> 00:16:59,600
ជនជាតិហុងគ្រីនៅរ៉ូម៉ានី, ក្រូអាតនៅយូហ្គោស្លាវី,

282
00:16:59,600 --> 00:17:02,220
ចក្រភពអូទ្រីស-ហុងគ្រី ក្នុងក្តីសង្ឃឹមក្នុងការប្រមូលផ្តុំ

283
00:17:02,220 --> 00:17:04,143
មនុស្សទាំងអស់នេះនៅក្នុងសន្តិភាពដែលទាក់ទង។

284
00:17:09,410 --> 00:17:12,070
ដូចគ្នាដែរ ចក្រភពអូតូម៉ង់បានរារាំង

285
00:17:12,070 --> 00:17:15,193
កុលសម្ព័ន្ធ​អារ៉ាប់​ផ្សេង​គ្នា​ពី​ការ​បំបែក​គ្នា។

286
00:17:17,070 --> 00:17:21,620
ប៉ុន្តែនៅសន្ធិសញ្ញាSèvres ថ្ងៃទី ១០ ខែសីហា ឆ្នាំ ១៩២០។

287
00:17:21,620 --> 00:17:23,010
ចក្រភពអូតូម៉ង់,

288
00:17:23,010 --> 00:17:25,700
ការដាក់ទណ្ឌកម្មយ៉ាងធ្ងន់ធ្ងរចំពោះការជួយអាល្លឺម៉ង់

289
00:17:25,700 --> 00:17:28,290
ត្រូវបានដកហូតទៅប្រទេសទួរគីនាពេលបច្ចុប្បន្ននេះ

290
00:17:28,290 --> 00:17:30,793
ដកតំបន់ក្រិចនៃទីក្រុង Smyrna ។

291
00:17:32,680 --> 00:17:36,573
ផែនទីនៃមជ្ឈិមបូព៌ាត្រូវបានគូរឡើងវិញដោយអង់គ្លេស និងបារាំង។

292
00:17:38,150 --> 00:17:41,230
បារាំងចង់ពង្រីកទឹកដីអាណានិគម

293
00:17:41,230 --> 00:17:43,353
ដោយបានគ្រប់គ្រងប្រទេសស៊ីរី និងលីបង់។

294
00:17:45,750 --> 00:17:49,080
អង់គ្លេសបង្កើតប្រទេសថ្មី Transjordan ។

295
00:17:49,080 --> 00:17:53,450
ឥឡូវនេះ ហ្ស៊កដានី ប៉ាឡេស្ទីន និងសំខាន់អ៊ីរ៉ាក់។

296
00:17:53,450 --> 00:17:55,743
ផ្តល់ឱ្យខ្លួនឯងនូវការគ្រប់គ្រងផលិតកម្មប្រេង។

297
00:17:57,120 --> 00:17:59,950
Wilson បានគាំទ្រការបង្កើតរដ្ឋឃឺដ

298
00:17:59,950 --> 00:18:03,240
ហើយ​ប៉ុន្មាន​ខែ​វា​មាន​មុន​បាត់​ខ្លួន

299
00:18:03,240 --> 00:18:04,773
ត្រូវបានវាយលុកដោយពួកទួគី។

300
00:18:05,809 --> 00:18:08,240
{\an8}(តន្ត្រីទន់ភ្លន់)

301
00:18:08,240 --> 00:18:11,370
{\an8}នៅប៉ាឡេស្ទីន រ៉ូមបានបណ្តេញជនជាតិយូដាចេញ

302
00:18:11,370 --> 00:18:13,533
នៃក្រុងយេរូសាឡឹម 2000 ឆ្នាំមុន។

303
00:18:15,170 --> 00:18:19,190
ប្រជាជនអារ៉ាប់ឥឡូវនេះ 600,000 ខ្លាំងតិចជាងការស្វាគមន៍

304
00:18:19,190 --> 00:18:21,290
ដល់​ជន​ជាតិ​យូដា​នៅ​ស៊ីយ៉ូន​ដែល​បាន​ភៀស​ខ្លួន

305
00:18:21,290 --> 00:18:23,880
ទៅទឹកដីសន្យាតាំងពីចុងសតវត្សទី 19

306
00:18:23,880 --> 00:18:26,430
ដើម្បីគេចចេញពីការធ្វើទុក្ខបុកម្នេញនៅអឺរ៉ុបកណ្តាល និងរុស្ស៊ី។

307
00:18:32,580 --> 00:18:34,840
ក្នុងអំឡុងសង្គ្រាម ជនជាតិអង់គ្លេស

308
00:18:34,840 --> 00:18:37,560
ដូចជាវរសេនីយ៍ឯក T.E. Lawrence ដ៏ល្បីល្បាញបានឃើញនៅទីនេះ

309
00:18:37,560 --> 00:18:39,600
នៅសន្ធិសញ្ញា Sykes-Picot

310
00:18:39,600 --> 00:18:41,370
បានសន្យាជាច្រើនដល់ជនជាតិអារ៉ាប់

311
00:18:41,370 --> 00:18:43,850
ជាថ្នូរនឹងការគាំទ្ររបស់ពួកគេប្រឆាំងនឹងទួគី។

312
00:18:43,850 --> 00:18:46,213
មួយគឺដើម្បីបញ្ឈប់អន្តោប្រវេសន៍ជ្វីហ្វ។

313
00:18:50,880 --> 00:18:53,600
ប៉ុន្តែ Lawrence of Arabia ត្រូវបានគេរៀបចំ

314
00:18:53,600 --> 00:18:55,703
ហើយការសន្យាដែលបានធ្វើនឹងមិនត្រូវបានរក្សាទុកទេ។

315
00:18:57,350 --> 00:19:01,020
អង់គ្លេស​បាន​អនុញ្ញាត​ឲ្យ​បង្កើត​ស្រុក​កំណើត​របស់​ជនជាតិ​ជ្វីហ្វ។

316
00:19:01,020 --> 00:19:04,313
បីទសវត្សរ៍ក្រោយមក នឹងក្លាយជារដ្ឋអ៊ីស្រាអែល។

317
00:19:06,220 --> 00:19:10,090
ប្រធានាធិបតីទីមួយរបស់ខ្លួន Chaim Weizmann អំពាវនាវឱ្យមានការធ្វើចំណាកស្រុក។

318
00:19:10,090 --> 00:19:13,667
គាត់និយាយថា "យើងត្រូវធ្វើឱ្យប៉ាឡេស្ទីនជាជនជាតិយូដា។

319
00:19:13,667 --> 00:19:16,857
«ដូច​ជា​អង់គ្លេស​ជា​អង់គ្លេស ហើយ​អាមេរិក​ជា​អាមេរិក»។

320
00:19:20,240 --> 00:19:22,403
វាគឺជាការចាប់ផ្តើមនៃសង្រ្គាមគ្មានទីបញ្ចប់។

321
00:19:25,380 --> 00:19:29,800
{\an8}នៅឆ្នាំ 1920 នៅប្រទេសទួរគីដែលចាញ់នៅ Constantinople

322
00:19:29,800 --> 00:19:32,513
{\an8}ឥឡូវ អ៊ីស្តង់ប៊ុល ស្ថានភាពតានតឹង។

323
00:19:34,270 --> 00:19:36,440
សម្ព័ន្ធមិត្តនៅតែកាន់កាប់ទីក្រុងទាំងពីរ

324
00:19:36,440 --> 00:19:37,900
និងជាផ្នែកមួយនៃប្រទេស

325
00:19:37,900 --> 00:19:40,310
ដែលមិនអាចទទួលយកបានចំពោះអ្នកជាតិនិយម

326
00:19:40,310 --> 00:19:42,393
និងនាំទៅដល់ការបះបោរទ្រង់ទ្រាយធំ។

327
00:19:46,400 --> 00:19:50,830
នៅក្បាលគឺឧត្តមសេនីយ៍ Mustapha Kemal ដែលនៅឆ្នាំ 1915 ។

328
00:19:50,830 --> 00:19:53,393
បានទប់ទល់នឹងការចុះចតរបស់អង់គ្លេស និងបារាំងនៅទួរគី។

329
00:19:54,500 --> 00:19:57,980
មន្ត្រីដ៏គួរឱ្យគោរពនេះបដិសេធមិនទទួលយកសន្ធិសញ្ញាSèvres

330
00:19:57,980 --> 00:20:00,210
និងការបាត់បង់ទីក្រុង Smyrna ។

331
00:20:00,210 --> 00:20:04,097
គាត់និយាយថា "ប្រសិនបើយើងលះបង់រាល់ការទាមទាររបស់សម្ព័ន្ធមិត្ត។

332
00:20:04,097 --> 00:20:07,367
"វានឹងមិនអាចទៅរួចទេក្នុងការទប់ស្កាត់ចេតនាលោភលន់របស់ពួកគេ" ។

333
00:20:08,880 --> 00:20:11,820
Mustafa Kemal លើក​ទ័ព​ស្ម័គ្រ​ចិត្ត

334
00:20:11,820 --> 00:20:14,390
បន្ទាប់មកប្រយុទ្ធជាមួយសម្ព័ន្ធមិត្ត និងក្រិកអស់រយៈពេលពីរឆ្នាំ

335
00:20:14,390 --> 00:20:16,695
ដើម្បីយកទឹកដីដែលខ្លួនកាន់កាប់មកវិញ។

336
00:20:16,695 --> 00:20:19,907
(អ្នកជិតខាងសេះ)

337
00:20:19,907 --> 00:20:22,225
(បាញ់ទឹក)

338
00:20:22,225 --> 00:20:24,558
(ស្រែក)

339
00:20:25,808 --> 00:20:28,475
(ការផ្ទុះខ្លាំង)

340
00:20:29,671 --> 00:20:32,254
(ផ្ទុះអាវុធ)

341
00:20:34,055 --> 00:20:36,722
(ការផ្ទុះខ្លាំង)

342
00:20:38,362 --> 00:20:40,640
{\an8}នៅថ្ងៃទី 9 ខែកញ្ញា ឆ្នាំ 1922

343
00:20:40,640 --> 00:20:43,360
កងទ័ពរបស់គាត់ចូលទៅក្នុងបន្ទាយចុងក្រោយដែលកាន់កាប់

344
00:20:43,360 --> 00:20:45,644
ដោយជនជាតិក្រិច Smyrna ។

345
00:20:45,644 --> 00:20:48,394
{\an8}(តន្ត្រី​ដ៏​អស្ចារ្យ)

346
00:20:49,570 --> 00:20:51,643
{\an8}ទីក្រុងត្រូវបានដុត។

347
00:21:03,900 --> 00:21:06,710
ទួគីចង់បណ្តេញចេញពីក្រិច មិនត្រឹមតែប៉ុណ្ណោះ

348
00:21:06,710 --> 00:21:09,620
ប៉ុន្តែក៏មានជនជាតិភាគតិចដែលមិនមែនជាមូស្លីមផងដែរ

349
00:21:09,620 --> 00:21:11,203
ជាពិសេសជនជាតិអាមេនី។

350
00:21:15,410 --> 00:21:17,840
មាន​តែ​សំណាង​មួយ​ចំនួន​ប៉ុណ្ណោះ​ដែល​អាច​គេច​ខ្លួន​បាន។

351
00:21:17,840 --> 00:21:19,553
និងចាប់ផ្តើមនិរទេសខ្លួននៅអឺរ៉ុប។

352
00:21:26,680 --> 00:21:29,260
{\an8}នៅទីក្រុងហ្សឺណែវ សម្ព័ន្ធប្រជាជាតិ

353
00:21:29,260 --> 00:21:32,810
ទោះបីជាវាបរាជ័យក្នុងការបញ្ចប់សង្គ្រាម និងការកាប់សម្លាប់ក៏ដោយ

354
00:21:32,810 --> 00:21:36,070
យ៉ាងណាក៏ដោយ ជោគជ័យក្នុងការជួយសង្គ្រោះមនុស្សរាប់លាននាក់

355
00:21:36,070 --> 00:21:39,580
សូមអរគុណដល់បុរសមិនធម្មតាម្នាក់ Fridtjof Nansen

356
00:21:39,580 --> 00:21:41,370
អ្នករុករកប៉ូលន័រវេស

357
00:21:41,370 --> 00:21:43,840
ដែលបានក្លាយជាស្នងការជាន់ខ្ពស់ទទួលបន្ទុកជនភៀសខ្លួន

358
00:21:43,840 --> 00:21:46,640
និងអ្នកដែលនឹងទទួលបានរង្វាន់ណូបែលសន្តិភាព។

359
00:21:46,640 --> 00:21:49,640
(ទស្សនិកជនទះដៃ)

360
00:21:51,060 --> 00:21:53,123
គាត់បង្កើតលិខិតឆ្លងដែន Nansen

361
00:21:54,190 --> 00:21:56,993
ឯកសារដ៏មានតម្លៃសម្រាប់អ្នកដែលមិនមានសញ្ជាតិ។

362
00:21:58,240 --> 00:22:00,150
ដូចជាវិចិត្រករ Marc Chagall

363
00:22:00,150 --> 00:22:02,063
និងអ្នកនិពន្ធ Igor Stravinsky,

364
00:22:03,090 --> 00:22:05,143
វាអនុញ្ញាតឱ្យពួកគេឆ្លងកាត់ព្រំដែន។

365
00:22:08,440 --> 00:22:12,913
បុរស ស្ត្រី និងកុមារ 9 លាននាក់ក្លាយជាជនភៀសខ្លួនសន្តិភាព។

366
00:22:14,050 --> 00:22:16,563
ពួកគេជាច្រើនចង់ចាកចេញទៅសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក។

367
00:22:17,840 --> 00:22:20,290
ពួកគេទាំងអស់បញ្ចប់នៅកំពង់ផែ Cherbourg

368
00:22:20,290 --> 00:22:22,840
នៅភាគខាងជើងនៃប្រទេសបារាំង ដែលក្លាយជាឧបសគ្គ។

369
00:22:26,790 --> 00:22:29,403
ជនជាតិបារាំងសាងសង់សណ្ឋាគារអាត្លង់ទិកដ៏ល្បីល្បាញ

370
00:22:30,360 --> 00:22:32,890
មជ្ឈមណ្ឌលឆ្លងកាត់សម្រាប់ជនអន្តោប្រវេសន៍

371
00:22:32,890 --> 00:22:35,623
ជាមួយនឹងសេវាវេជ្ជសាស្រ្ត និងរដ្ឋបាលផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន។

372
00:22:43,170 --> 00:22:45,063
ហើយការធ្វើដំណើរដ៏វែងអាចចាប់ផ្តើម។

373
00:22:46,353 --> 00:22:48,936
(ភ្លេង​ស្រទន់)

374
00:22:50,040 --> 00:22:53,060
អាមេរិក​តែងតែ​ស្វាគមន៍​ការ​បំផ្លាញ​របស់​ពិភពលោក

375
00:22:53,060 --> 00:22:56,173
ដូចជាជនជាតិអៀរឡង់ ជនជាតិអ៊ីតាលី ជនជាតិយូដា។

376
00:23:00,370 --> 00:23:02,490
នៅលើជើងទម្រនៃរូបសំណាកសេរីភាព,

377
00:23:02,490 --> 00:23:05,800
បង្កើតឡើងដោយជាងចម្លាក់ជនជាតិបារាំង Auguste Bartholdi

378
00:23:05,800 --> 00:23:09,323
ត្រូវបានឆ្លាក់ពាក្យរបស់កវីជនជាតិយូដា អិមម៉ា ឡាសារ។

379
00:23:10,437 --> 00:23:12,507
« ឲ្យ​ខ្ញុំ​ហត់នឿយ​អ្នក​ក្រ​អើយ

380
00:23:12,507 --> 00:23:15,007
"ការម៉ាស្សាអោបរបស់អ្នកចង់ដកដង្ហើមដោយសេរី

381
00:23:15,007 --> 00:23:17,547
"ការបដិសេធដ៏អាក្រក់នៃច្រាំងទន្លេរបស់អ្នក" ។

382
00:23:20,700 --> 00:23:24,900
{\an8}នៅម៉ុងត្រេអាល់ ជនជាតិយូដា 30,000 នាក់ធ្វើបាតុកម្មដើម្បីទាក់ទាញការចាប់អារម្មណ៍

383
00:23:24,900 --> 00:23:27,203
ចំពោះជោគវាសនានៃអ្នកដែលបន្សល់ទុកនៅអ៊ុយក្រែន។

384
00:23:29,876 --> 00:23:32,459
{\an8}(តន្ត្រីទន់ភ្លន់)

385
00:23:33,769 --> 00:23:37,560
{\an8}ជនជាតិយូដា 100,000 នាក់ត្រូវបានសម្លាប់ ជាប់នៅក្នុងសង្រ្គាមស៊ីវិល

386
00:23:37,560 --> 00:23:39,850
រវាងជនជាតិរុស្ស៊ីស្បែកស Czarist

387
00:23:39,850 --> 00:23:41,300
និងក្រហម ពួកកុម្មុយនិស្ត។

388
00:23:49,510 --> 00:23:51,330
ក្រោយ​ការ​ប្រយុទ្ធ​គ្នា​អស់​រយៈ​ពេល​៤​ឆ្នាំ។

389
00:23:51,330 --> 00:23:54,400
ហង្សក្រហម Bolsheviks នៅទីបំផុតឈ្នះ

390
00:23:54,400 --> 00:23:57,393
ព្រោះ​ពួក​គេ​សាហាវ​ជាង​គូ​ប្រកួត​ទៅ​ទៀត។

391
00:24:01,365 --> 00:24:05,115
{\an8}ថ្ងៃទី 22 ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ 1922 រុស្ស៊ីក្លាយជាសហភាព

392
00:24:06,010 --> 00:24:10,060
នៃសាធារណរដ្ឋសង្គមនិយមសូវៀត សហភាពសូវៀត។

393
00:24:10,060 --> 00:24:13,363
ផ្នែកដ៏ធំនៃភពផែនដីក្លាយជាកុម្មុយនិស្ត។

394
00:24:15,260 --> 00:24:18,660
\\an8}សេដ្ឋកិច្ចទាំងមូលរបស់សហភាពសូវៀតបានដួលរលំ។

395
00:24:18,660 --> 00:24:21,683
ការប្រមូលផលត្រូវបានទាមទារដើម្បីចិញ្ចឹមកងទ័ព។

396
00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:29,333
វាជាគ្រោះទុរ្ភិក្សដ៏អស្ចារ្យលើកដំបូងក្នុងឆ្នាំ 1922 ធ្វើឱ្យមនុស្ស 5 លាននាក់ស្លាប់។

397
00:24:34,810 --> 00:24:37,983
ជំនួយមនុស្សធម៌ ហូរចូលពីគ្រប់ទិសទីលើពិភពលោក។

398
00:24:39,760 --> 00:24:42,080
Un ezel eus melestradurezh ar skoazelloù amerikan

399
00:24:42,080 --> 00:24:44,020
a saveteo miliadoù a vuhezioù,

400
00:24:44,020 --> 00:24:46,003
William schaffrath a gont,

401
00:24:47,017 --> 00:24:49,837
"Digreskiñ a ra an dud da zebriñ louzoù mesket

402
00:24:49,837 --> 00:24:52,350
« gant eskern malet, rusk gwez ha pri

403
00:24:53,657 --> 00:24:57,147
«koulz ha kezeg, chas, kizhier, razhed

404
00:24:57,147 --> 00:24:58,737
"hag ar plouz eus an toennoù."

405
00:25:02,940 --> 00:25:07,570
Gwelet a ran eskern bihan moan gant dremmoù moan

406
00:25:07,570 --> 00:25:08,973
ha favioù ar skourjez-dent.

407
00:25:11,390 --> 00:25:14,110
Bemdez e varv un daouzek anezho.

408
00:25:14,110 --> 00:25:16,013
Poanius eo ar c'hwezh.

409
00:25:16,960 --> 00:25:19,543
(sonerezh dous)

410
00:25:24,893 --> 00:25:26,330
(sonerezh pobl splann)

411
00:25:26,330 --> 00:25:28,190
E dibenn ar Brezel diabarzh e voe

412
00:25:28,190 --> 00:25:30,893
unan ha 1/2 milion a Rusianed a dec'has kuit eus ar vro,

413
00:25:32,640 --> 00:25:35,500
400 000 a Rusianed gwenn en em staliet e Nisa,

414
00:25:35,500 --> 00:25:36,950
war ar Riviera c'hall

415
00:25:36,950 --> 00:25:39,513
pe Pariz e karterioù pinvidik.

416
00:25:39,513 --> 00:25:41,400
{\an8}(redadegoù kirri)

417
00:25:41,400 --> 00:25:43,330
{\an8}Ar re o deus tec'het gant o fortunioù

418
00:25:43,330 --> 00:25:45,788
a c’hell beva evel rouaned, ha gwir eo e reont.

419
00:25:45,788 --> 00:25:48,788
(sonerezh pobl splann)

420
00:25:51,160 --> 00:25:53,280
Ar priñs Yusupov unan eus ar muntrerien

421
00:25:53,280 --> 00:25:55,140
eus Rasputin, kuzulier skedus,

422
00:25:55,140 --> 00:25:57,563
eus an tsar Nikolaz II, a skriv,

423
00:25:58,397 --> 00:26:01,157
«Penaos ne c'heller ket en em santout fiziañs e Pariz,

424
00:26:01,157 --> 00:26:03,677
« pehini a oar mad sevel sperejou eun estren

425
00:26:03,677 --> 00:26:04,657
"gant ur mousc'hoarzh."

426
00:26:06,570 --> 00:26:08,180
Ur c'haredig en deus ar priñs,

427
00:26:08,180 --> 00:26:11,890
{\an8}an dug-meur yaouank Dimitri, a oa e-unan o vevañ

428
00:26:11,890 --> 00:26:15,698
{\an8}gant an tresour dilhad brudet dija, Coco Chanel.

429
00:26:15,698 --> 00:26:18,698
{\an8}(sonerezh pobl birvidik)

430
00:26:19,940 --> 00:26:23,210
Pa ziviz embann he c'hwezh-vat, Chanel niverenn pemp,

431
00:26:23,210 --> 00:26:25,930
Dimitri a gendrec'h anezhi da adober evit he boutailh,

432
00:26:25,930 --> 00:26:29,148
stumm ar flask vodka implijet gant ofiserien rusian.

433
00:26:29,148 --> 00:26:32,565
(sonerezh klasel bev)

434
00:26:40,770 --> 00:26:43,050
Met n'eo ket hepken (dister),

435
00:26:43,050 --> 00:26:46,630
a chom don en o devosion evit an Tsar diwezhañ,

436
00:26:46,630 --> 00:26:50,420
Yusupov a note en e eñvorennoù, e pep lec'h gwechall

437
00:26:50,420 --> 00:26:53,080
e aferioù rusian a zo o vont war-raok.

438
00:26:53,080 --> 00:26:56,500
Pretioù, stalioù, Ilizoù reizhkredennel nevez gant o skolioù

439
00:26:56,500 --> 00:26:57,623
ha tiez-retred.

440
00:26:59,690 --> 00:27:02,783
Dont a ra Pariz da vezañ ul lec'h naturel evit an enbroidi.

441
00:27:05,240 --> 00:27:07,380
Jeneraled hag ofiserien kozh an Tsar

442
00:27:07,380 --> 00:27:11,280
eus ar Gwarded Impalaerel n'o deus barregezh ebet en tu all d'an arme,

443
00:27:11,280 --> 00:27:13,736
met gallout a reont bleniañ ha dont da vezañ blenierien taksi.

444
00:27:13,736 --> 00:27:15,010
(tud o kanañ)

445
00:27:15,010 --> 00:27:17,950
Pell amzer e vint ul lodenn eus folklor ar pourvezadur.

446
00:27:17,950 --> 00:27:21,933
Mont a raio an hini diwezhañ d'e retred e 1970 d'an oad a 92 vloaz.

447
00:27:27,620 --> 00:27:30,380
Ar Rusianed wenn a blij dezho an eurier-se evit ar blenier taksi

448
00:27:30,380 --> 00:27:33,616
gant prederioù war ledanaat levezon ar Sovieded er bed.

449
00:27:33,616 --> 00:27:36,366
(ar bobl o kanañ)

450
00:27:39,467 --> 00:27:44,467
Dispignoù re vras e-pad ar brezel en deus degaset tennderioù sokial don.

451
00:27:44,550 --> 00:27:47,250
E pep lec'h emañ an dud o vont e-barzh ar strolladoù komunour

452
00:27:47,250 --> 00:27:50,820
gant o gwel eus ar pinvidigezh boutin e Londrez,

453
00:27:50,820 --> 00:27:53,837
Berlin, New York, Milano, ha Roma.

454
00:27:53,837 --> 00:27:56,587
(ar bobl o kanañ)

455
00:27:58,290 --> 00:28:02,140
Distro eo ar penn komunour italian Antonio Gramsci

456
00:28:02,140 --> 00:28:03,970
eus Moskov hag a gemer e blas

457
00:28:03,970 --> 00:28:06,063
evel un deorikour marksour a-raok.

458
00:28:07,020 --> 00:28:09,997
Lavarout a ra, "Bevañ a zo bezañ Partizan."

459
00:28:14,160 --> 00:28:17,240
Enebet ouzh ar gomunour, soudarded brezel a grogas da gentañ

460
00:28:17,240 --> 00:28:19,610
asambles a-dreñv ur barzh tanek,

461
00:28:19,610 --> 00:28:22,423
un haroz brezel, Gabriele d'Annunzio.

462
00:28:24,840 --> 00:28:26,950
Nac'het en deus feur-emglev Versailhez

463
00:28:26,950 --> 00:28:29,000
rak en ur adtresañ kartenn Europa,

464
00:28:29,000 --> 00:28:31,410
ar c'hevredidi o deus roet da Yougoslavia,

465
00:28:31,410 --> 00:28:34,867
tiriad zo poblet gant Italianed, en o zouez Dalmatia

466
00:28:34,867 --> 00:28:36,677
ha kêr Fiume.

467
00:28:36,677 --> 00:28:39,440
(yezh estren)

468
00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:41,407
Gabriele d'Annunzio a glemm,

469
00:28:41,407 --> 00:28:43,567
"Distrujet eo bet hon trec'h."

470
00:28:44,443 --> 00:28:47,360
(yezh estren)

471
00:28:48,650 --> 00:28:51,197
Lañsañ a ra e milis o embann,

472
00:28:51,197 --> 00:28:54,797
« Itali hoc’h eur a zo deut, bloaveziou burzhudus.

473
00:28:54,797 --> 00:28:56,847
"Klevet a ran kurun an Erc'hed a

474
00:28:56,847 --> 00:28:59,466
"gant o donezonoù e tistrujont an noz."

475
00:28:59,466 --> 00:29:02,216
(ar bobl o c'hoarzhin)

476
00:29:03,380 --> 00:29:06,563
Gouest eo Gabriele d'Annunzio da dapout kêr Fiume.

477
00:29:08,384 --> 00:29:11,134
{\an8}(an dud o kanañ)

478
00:29:15,700 --> 00:29:19,093
An arme reoliek a gas anezhañ kuit neuze, met gant doujañs.

479
00:29:21,500 --> 00:29:24,490
Evit ar gomunour Gramsci, ar gomedienn reuzeudik-se

480
00:29:24,490 --> 00:29:26,250
zo c'hoazh ur sin all eus an diskar

481
00:29:26,250 --> 00:29:27,563
eus ar Stad Vourc’hiz.

482
00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:31,467
Lavarout a ra : « Emañ ar bed kozh o vervel.

483
00:29:31,467 --> 00:29:33,687
« Stourm a ra ar bed nevez evit bezañ ganet.

484
00:29:33,687 --> 00:29:37,367
"Hag er c'hreisteiz-mañ e teu euzhviled war wel a-daol-trumm."

485
00:29:40,340 --> 00:29:42,993
{\an8}Benito Mussolini eo an euzhvil-se.

486
00:29:44,800 --> 00:29:48,937
{\an8}E wreg Rachele a skriv, "E zaoulagad a oa fosforek,

487
00:29:48,937 --> 00:29:53,937
« e sell toullet, e skolidi a seblante lugerniñ.

488
00:29:53,997 --> 00:29:57,577
"Gouzout a rae e oa ur galloud dreistordinal gant e zaoulagad war an holl."

489
00:29:59,330 --> 00:30:03,440
{\an8}Mussolini a grogas gant e vicher evel kazetenner sokialour.

490
00:30:03,440 --> 00:30:05,823
{\an8}Broadelour eo deuet da vezañ e-pad ar brezel.

491
00:30:09,270 --> 00:30:12,710
E 1919 e krouas al Luskad Faskour,

492
00:30:12,710 --> 00:30:16,133
anvet diwar e Fasci di Combattimento, skipailhoù emgannañ.

493
00:30:20,270 --> 00:30:24,350
Mussolini a gerzh war brud Gabriele D'Annunzio,

494
00:30:24,350 --> 00:30:26,270
kopiañ pep tra.

495
00:30:26,270 --> 00:30:31,270
Ar rochedoù du, ar salud roman, ar dagadenn redadeg

496
00:30:31,300 --> 00:30:32,350
hag ar griadenn,

497
00:30:32,350 --> 00:30:37,350
ankouaat, deomp, deomp.
(ar bobl o kanañ)

498
00:30:37,770 --> 00:30:42,173
Met Gabriele D'Annunzio en doa 2500 den e 1919,

499
00:30:43,280 --> 00:30:46,713
Mussolini en deus 300 000 e 1922.

500
00:30:48,290 --> 00:30:53,050
Gant e luganoù poblek e unan Mussolini ar soudarded kozh,

501
00:30:53,050 --> 00:30:57,690
tud nammet brezel, an dud dilabour, ar rummad etre,

502
00:30:57,690 --> 00:30:59,860
ha zoken ar re a spered gwan

503
00:30:59,860 --> 00:31:02,010
o deus poan o ober ar salud faskour,

504
00:31:02,850 --> 00:31:06,630
Hag an holl dud dindan renk a ra war-lerc'h o emgannoù er straedoù,

505
00:31:06,630 --> 00:31:10,443
dres war o vandennou, Menefrego, ne ran forz.

506
00:31:12,870 --> 00:31:15,800
Prometiñ a ra Mussolini adlakaat an urzh sokial en-dro.

507
00:31:15,800 --> 00:31:17,720
Reiñ a ra un arm d'e skipailhoù,

508
00:31:17,720 --> 00:31:20,430
ur vazh koad da skeiñ war ar gomunourien,

509
00:31:20,430 --> 00:31:23,918
ha lakaat an tan en o ziez ar bobl.

510
00:31:23,918 --> 00:31:26,668
(sonerezh dramatek)

511
00:31:35,050 --> 00:31:37,817
Mussolini a lavar, "Adlakaat a rin an diskiblezh

512
00:31:37,817 --> 00:31:39,137
« en uzinoù ».

513
00:31:40,820 --> 00:31:42,940
Ar pezh a blij d'ar greanterien vras,

514
00:31:42,940 --> 00:31:45,260
evel Agneli krouer Fiat,

515
00:31:45,260 --> 00:31:47,836
ha Pirelli ar c'henderc'her bandennoù-rod.

516
00:31:47,836 --> 00:31:50,419
(sonerezh dous)

517
00:31:54,225 --> 00:31:56,239
(o c'hoarzhin)

518
00:31:56,239 --> 00:31:58,822
(sonerezh dous)

519
00:32:08,073 --> 00:32:08,950
(ar bobl o c'hoarzhin)

520
00:32:08,950 --> 00:32:13,650
Mussolini a aoz d'an 28 a viz Here 1922,

521
00:32:13,650 --> 00:32:17,286
{\an8}un diskouezadeg nerzh anvet gant pouez ar Marc'had war Roma.

522
00:32:17,286 --> 00:32:20,203
(yezh estren)

523
00:32:30,940 --> 00:32:35,283
Erruout a ra e-unan en e aes gant an tren eus Milano.

524
00:32:35,283 --> 00:32:38,200
(yezh estren)

525
00:32:43,040 --> 00:32:46,170
Eskemmet en deus e roched du ouzh ur gwiskamant hag ur c'hravatenn,

526
00:32:46,170 --> 00:32:48,340
mennet da vezañ muioc'h a dud-stad evel er c'hreiz

527
00:32:48,340 --> 00:32:49,543
eus e genseurted faskour.

528
00:32:55,070 --> 00:32:59,070
Ar roue Victor Emanuel 111, a ro dezhañ reolennoù ar galloud,

529
00:32:59,070 --> 00:33:01,763
kalz da zroug ar bobl italian.

530
00:33:06,420 --> 00:33:09,520
Skoazellet gant an Iliz e ra Mussolini un implij fur

531
00:33:09,520 --> 00:33:12,280
propagande i puni koncentracione logore

532
00:33:12,280 --> 00:33:13,630
sa svojim protivnicima,

533
00:33:13,630 --> 00:33:16,843
uvođenje autoritarnog antikomunističkog režima.

534
00:33:22,100 --> 00:33:26,490
{\an8}Godinu dana kasnije, 1923., ujedinjuju se i njemački veterani

535
00:33:26,490 --> 00:33:30,220
oko njihovog ratnog vođe, generala Ludendorffa

536
00:33:30,220 --> 00:33:33,313
{\an8}koji sada podržava vođu Nacističke partije Adolfa Hitlera.

537
00:33:38,240 --> 00:33:42,407
Hitler kaže: "Naš narod je predmet takve bede,

538
00:33:42,407 --> 00:33:44,267
"da ako ne reagujemo sada,

539
00:33:44,267 --> 00:33:45,967
"pridružiće se komunistima."

540
00:33:49,520 --> 00:33:51,680
Saveznici će pomoći Hitleru kroz seriju

541
00:33:51,680 --> 00:33:55,770
grešaka poput belgijske i francuske okupacije

542
00:33:55,770 --> 00:33:57,713
njemačkog ratnog rudarskog regiona,

543
00:33:59,390 --> 00:34:02,083
gdje se ugalj oduzima radi prinudnih reparacija,

544
00:34:02,920 --> 00:34:06,533
što dovodi do ekonomske krize i zapanjujuće inflacije.

545
00:34:09,200 --> 00:34:12,010
Da se novčanice štampaju što je brže moguće,

546
00:34:12,010 --> 00:34:14,753
valuta depresira po nezamislivoj stopi.

547
00:34:15,690 --> 00:34:19,853
Vekna hljeba košta 460 milijardi maraka.

548
00:34:22,460 --> 00:34:26,013
13-godišnja Njemica, priča Erma Lange,

549
00:34:27,137 --> 00:34:29,777
„Kada naš otac dođe kući sa dnevnicom,

550
00:34:29,777 --> 00:34:33,737
"žurimo da ga potrošimo, inače za kratko vrijeme,

551
00:34:33,737 --> 00:34:35,047
"bilo bi bezvrijedno."

552
00:34:39,490 --> 00:34:41,960
Između ratnih Nemaca i Francuza

553
00:34:41,960 --> 00:34:44,563
i belgijskim okupatorima, tenzije rastu.

554
00:34:49,540 --> 00:34:52,170
{\an8}10. marta 1923. god.

555
00:34:52,170 --> 00:34:54,910
francuski oficiri udaraju nemačke posmatrače,

556
00:34:54,910 --> 00:34:57,500
koji nisu uspjeli skinuti šešire za pogrebni kortedž

557
00:34:57,500 --> 00:34:58,853
žrtve napada.

558
00:35:00,950 --> 00:35:04,350
Usred takve nestabilnosti, Hitler pokušava da preuzme vlast

559
00:35:04,350 --> 00:35:06,183
9. novembra 1923.

560
00:35:08,120 --> 00:35:11,680
{\an8}Ali vojska i policija ostaju lojalne Nemačkoj Republici

561
00:35:11,680 --> 00:35:13,073
i puč ne uspe.

562
00:35:15,280 --> 00:35:19,060
Hitler je za sada u zatvoru,

563
00:35:19,060 --> 00:35:22,157
Stefan Zweig govori u ime mnogih kada piše,

564
00:35:22,157 --> 00:35:26,167
"Ove 1923. godine svastike su nestale,

565
00:35:26,167 --> 00:35:27,707
„Stormtrooperi i ime

566
00:35:27,707 --> 00:35:30,837
"od Adolfa Hitlera su svi pali u zaborav."

567
00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:37,920
Ali Zweig užasno griješi.

568
00:35:37,920 --> 00:35:41,580
Hitler će iz svoje ćelije pripremati osvetu.

569
00:35:41,580 --> 00:35:45,600
On piše svoju knjigu "Mein Kampf" moja borba,

570
00:35:45,600 --> 00:35:48,803
estrih protiv Versajskog ugovora i Francuske.

571
00:35:52,390 --> 00:35:55,230
{\an8}Totalitarna prijetnja je stvarna.

572
00:35:55,230 --> 00:35:58,150
U Spaniji. General Primo de Rivera

573
00:35:58,150 --> 00:36:00,490
takođe inspirisan Musolinijem

574
00:36:00,490 --> 00:36:04,090
undefined

575
00:36:04,090 --> 00:36:06,333
undefined

576
00:36:07,360 --> 00:36:10,893
undefined

577
00:36:11,850 --> 00:36:13,113
undefined

578
00:36:17,100 --> 00:36:19,580
undefined

579
00:36:19,580 --> 00:36:24,200
undefined

580
00:36:24,200 --> 00:36:26,033
undefined

581
00:36:30,990 --> 00:36:34,030
undefined

582
00:36:34,030 --> 00:36:36,390
undefined

583
00:36:36,390 --> 00:36:39,940
undefined

584
00:36:39,940 --> 00:36:42,743
undefined

585
00:36:43,600 --> 00:36:45,800
undefined

586
00:36:47,890 --> 00:36:51,050
undefined

587
00:36:51,050 --> 00:36:53,500
undefined

588
00:36:53,500 --> 00:36:56,170
undefined

589
00:36:56,170 --> 00:36:58,803
undefined

590
00:37:00,896 --> 00:37:03,729
undefined

591
00:37:06,050 --> 00:37:09,300
undefined

592
00:37:09,300 --> 00:37:11,780
undefined

593
00:37:11,780 --> 00:37:15,140
undefined

594
00:37:15,140 --> 00:37:18,205
undefined

595
00:37:18,205 --> 00:37:20,360
undefined

596
00:37:20,360 --> 00:37:22,660
undefined

597
00:37:22,660 --> 00:37:25,140
undefined

598
00:37:25,140 --> 00:37:26,988
undefined

599
00:37:26,988 --> 00:37:29,655
undefined

600
00:37:34,017 --> 00:37:34,850
undefined

601
00:37:34,850 --> 00:37:37,825
undefined

602
00:37:37,825 --> 00:37:40,720
undefined

603
00:37:40,720 --> 00:37:42,703
undefined

604
00:37:45,840 --> 00:37:49,108
undefined

605
00:37:49,108 --> 00:37:51,775
undefined

606
00:37:53,460 --> 00:37:56,003
undefined

607
00:38:00,760 --> 00:38:04,403
undefined

608
00:38:06,940 --> 00:38:11,063
undefined

609
00:38:13,640 --> 00:38:16,713
undefined

610
00:38:19,440 --> 00:38:22,550
undefined

611
00:38:22,550 --> 00:38:24,159
undefined

612
00:38:24,159 --> 00:38:27,422
undefined

613
00:38:27,422 --> 00:38:28,700
undefined

614
00:38:28,700 --> 00:38:31,840
undefined

615
00:38:31,840 --> 00:38:33,853
undefined

616
00:38:36,773 --> 00:38:38,290
undefined

617
00:38:38,290 --> 00:38:41,120
undefined

618
00:38:41,120 --> 00:38:42,493
undefined

619
00:38:43,360 --> 00:38:45,283
undefined

620
00:38:47,410 --> 00:38:51,363
undefined

621
00:38:52,810 --> 00:38:55,560
undefined

622
00:38:55,560 --> 00:38:58,330
undefined

623
00:38:58,330 --> 00:39:01,400
undefined

624
00:39:01,400 --> 00:39:03,273
undefined

625
00:39:08,450 --> 00:39:10,760
undefined

626
00:39:10,760 --> 00:39:15,040
undefined

627
00:39:15,040 --> 00:39:16,113
undefined

628
00:39:17,519 --> 00:39:18,760
undefined

629
00:39:18,760 --> 00:39:21,480
undefined

630
00:39:21,480 --> 00:39:24,010
undefined

631
00:39:24,010 --> 00:39:25,427
undefined

632
00:39:25,427 --> 00:39:26,710
undefined

633
00:39:26,710 --> 00:39:28,950
undefined

634
00:39:28,950 --> 00:39:31,450
undefined

635
00:39:31,450 --> 00:39:35,190
undefined

636
00:39:35,190 --> 00:39:36,703
undefined

637
00:39:36,703 --> 00:39:38,600
undefined

638
00:39:38,600 --> 00:39:42,350
undefined

639
00:39:42,350 --> 00:39:44,030
undefined

640
00:39:44,030 --> 00:39:48,176
undefined

641
00:39:48,176 --> 00:39:50,759
undefined

642
00:39:51,610 --> 00:39:54,770
undefined

643
00:39:54,770 --> 00:39:57,270
undefined

644
00:39:57,270 --> 00:40:00,863
undefined

645
00:40:03,317 --> 00:40:05,900
undefined

646
00:40:06,844 --> 00:40:07,677
undefined

647
00:40:08,827 --> 00:40:10,850
undefined

648
00:40:10,850 --> 00:40:12,760
undefined

649
00:40:12,760 --> 00:40:14,853
undefined

650
00:40:17,510 --> 00:40:21,320
undefined

651
00:40:21,320 --> 00:40:23,103
undefined

652
00:40:26,630 --> 00:40:29,210
undefined

653
00:40:29,210 --> 00:40:34,000
undefined

654
00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:37,640
undefined

655
00:40:37,640 --> 00:40:39,793
undefined

656
00:40:39,793 --> 00:40:42,034
undefined

657
00:40:42,034 --> 00:40:45,117
undefined

658
00:40:46,960 --> 00:40:49,710
undefined

659
00:40:51,284 --> 00:40:53,951
undefined

660
00:40:56,514 --> 00:40:59,976
undefined

661
00:40:59,976 --> 00:41:02,976
undefined

662
00:41:05,760 --> 00:41:08,930
undefined

663
00:41:08,930 --> 00:41:11,293
undefined

664
00:41:12,660 --> 00:41:16,383
undefined

665
00:41:18,230 --> 00:41:20,143
undefined

666
00:41:21,370 --> 00:41:23,130
undefined

667
00:41:23,130 --> 00:41:25,308
undefined

668
00:41:25,308 --> 00:41:27,300
undefined

669
00:41:27,300 --> 00:41:28,730
undefined

670
00:41:28,730 --> 00:41:31,100
undefined

671
00:41:31,100 --> 00:41:34,330
undefined

672
00:41:34,330 --> 00:41:36,800
undefined

673
00:41:36,800 --> 00:41:40,330
undefined

674
00:41:40,330 --> 00:41:42,690
undefined

675
00:41:42,690 --> 00:41:45,290
undefined

676
00:41:45,290 --> 00:41:47,320
undefined

677
00:41:47,320 --> 00:41:49,969
undefined

678
00:41:49,969 --> 00:41:51,242
undefined

679
00:41:51,242 --> 00:41:54,242
undefined

680
00:41:55,960 --> 00:41:58,153
undefined

681
00:41:59,410 --> 00:42:02,970
undefined

682
00:42:02,970 --> 00:42:05,770
undefined

683
00:42:05,770 --> 00:42:09,904
undefined

684
00:42:09,904 --> 00:42:12,630
undefined

685
00:42:12,630 --> 00:42:14,730
undefined

686
00:42:17,340 --> 00:42:19,297
undefined

687
00:42:19,297 --> 00:42:22,200
undefined

688
00:42:22,200 --> 00:42:26,977
undefined

689
00:42:26,977 --> 00:42:28,049
undefined

690
00:42:28,049 --> 00:42:31,049
undefined

691
00:42:33,110 --> 00:42:34,890
undefined

692
00:42:34,890 --> 00:42:36,763
undefined

693
00:42:37,850 --> 00:42:41,510
undefined

694
00:42:41,510 --> 00:42:43,460
undefined

695
00:42:43,460 --> 00:42:45,483
undefined

696
00:42:46,860 --> 00:42:49,180
undefined

697
00:42:49,180 --> 00:42:52,283
undefined

698
00:42:53,900 --> 00:42:56,960
undefined

699
00:42:56,960 --> 00:42:58,647
undefined

700
00:43:03,160 --> 00:43:06,150
undefined

701
00:43:06,150 --> 00:43:08,000
undefined

702
00:43:08,000 --> 00:43:11,733
undefined

703
00:43:13,050 --> 00:43:15,280
undefined

704
00:43:15,280 --> 00:43:18,053
undefined

705
00:43:19,480 --> 00:43:22,690
undefined

706
00:43:22,690 --> 00:43:26,100
undefined

707
00:43:26,100 --> 00:43:29,333
undefined

708
00:43:30,947 --> 00:43:33,940
undefined

709
00:43:33,940 --> 00:43:37,260
undefined

710
00:43:37,260 --> 00:43:40,610
undefined

711
00:43:40,610 --> 00:43:41,973
undefined

712
00:43:43,680 --> 00:43:45,950
undefined

713
00:43:45,950 --> 00:43:48,743
undefined

714
00:43:49,741 --> 00:43:51,763
undefined

715
00:43:54,478 --> 00:43:57,228
undefined

716
00:44:03,327 --> 00:44:05,577
undefined

717
00:44:06,651 --> 00:44:09,401
undefined